STAGE 01
规范依据
NORMATIVE BASIS规范命题、原文与来源 · Rule and sources收起 · Collapse展开 · Expand
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规范命题与识别入口
义务 erga omnes 或 erga omnes partes 的性质、国家援责资格、法院管辖和可获救济是四个不同问题。Gambia v. Myanmar 2022 确认《灭绝种族罪公约》任何缔约国可为共同利益援引另一缔约国责任并起诉,无须证明特别受影响;South Africa v. Israel 2024 在临时措施阶段重申该站位。ICJ 2025 年气候变化咨询意见又确认主要气候减缓义务的 erga omnes 或 erga omnes partes 性质及相应援责资格,但该结论不能泛化为气候条约所有条款。
触发事实
- 2018 Q3 展示了本规范在“核裁军义务”事实结构中的用法。
- 2021 Q1 展示了本规范在“入境规制、离境/返回与赔偿”事实结构中的用法。
- 2021 Q4 展示了本规范在“民航机击落”事实结构中的用法。
- 2024 Q1 展示了本规范在“无国籍问题的 erga omnes (partes) 诉讼资格”事实结构中的用法。
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关联规范链
C
关联权威原文
PROVISION
进入解读 →ARSIWA 第33条:国际责任义务的范围
条文原文
中文文本 · Chinese text
一、本编所列责任国的义务可分别对另一国、若干国家或整个国际社会承担,这尤其取决于国际义务的性质和内容以及违背义务的情况。二、本编不妨碍一国国际责任可能使国家以外的任何个人或实体直接取得的任何权利。
英文原文 · English text
1. The obligations of the responsible State set out in this Part may be owed to another State, to several States, or to the international community as a whole, depending in particular on the character and content of the international obligation and on the circumstances of the breach. 2. This Part is without prejudice to any right, arising from the international responsibility of a State, which may accrue directly to any person or entity other than a State.PROVISION
进入解读 →ARSIWA 第42条:受害国对责任的援引
条文原文
中文文本 · Chinese text
第四十二条 受害国援引责任 在下列情况下,一国有权以受害国身份援引另一国的责任: (a)被违反的义务单独对该国承担;或 (b)被违反的义务对包括该国在内的一组国家承担,或对整个国际社会承担,并且该义务的违反: (一)特别影响该国;或 (二)其性质从根本上改变了该义务所针对的所有其他国家继续履行该义务时所处的地位。
英文原文 · English text
Article 42 Invocation of responsibility by an injured State A State is entitled as an injured State to invoke the responsibility of another State if the obligation breached is owed to: (a) that State individually; or (b) a group of States including that State, or the international community as a whole, and the breach of the obligation: (i) specially affects that State; or (ii) is of such a character as radically to change the position of all the other States to which the obligation is owed with respect to the further performance of the obligation.读完本段了?
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