STAGE 01
规范依据
NORMATIVE BASIS规范命题、原文与来源 · Rule and sources收起 · Collapse展开 · Expand
A
规范命题与识别入口
第 42 条的受害国/特别受影响国，与第 48 条的集体利益和全体缔约国利益应分开论证。
触发事实
- 2018 Q3 展示了本规范在“核裁军义务”事实结构中的用法。
- 2021 Q1 展示了本规范在“入境规制、离境/返回与赔偿”事实结构中的用法。
- 2021 Q4 展示了本规范在“民航机击落”事实结构中的用法。
- 2024 Q1 展示了本规范在“无国籍问题的 erga omnes (partes) 诉讼资格”事实结构中的用法。
B
文书与规则背景
国家责任条款由国际法委员会在 2001 年二读通过并由联合国大会注意。它不是一项已生效条约；其中许多条款被国际法院视为习惯法的编纂，但对每一条的法律地位仍须分别论证。条款处理的是归因、违约、排除不法性及责任后果，而不是第一性实体义务本身。
本单元不是要求学生孤立背诵条号，而是掌握该条在 2018、2021、2024 年赛题中如何改变争点结构。反复出现的裁判功能是：第 42 条的受害国/特别受影响国，与第 48 条的集体利益和全体缔约国利益应分开论证。
C
条文中英对照
中文文本 · Chinese text
第四十二条 受害国援引责任 在下列情况下，一国有权以受害国身份援引另一国的责任： （a）被违反的义务单独对该国承担；或 （b）被违反的义务对包括该国在内的一组国家承担，或对整个国际社会承担，并且该义务的违反： （一）特别影响该国；或 （二）其性质从根本上改变了该义务所针对的所有其他国家继续履行该义务时所处的地位。
英文原文 · English text
Article 42 Invocation of responsibility by an injured State A State is entitled as an injured State to invoke the responsibility of another State if the obligation breached is owed to: (a) that State individually; or (b) a group of States including that State, or the international community as a whole, and the breach of the obligation: (i) specially affects that State; or (ii) is of such a character as radically to change the position of all the other States to which the obligation is owed with respect to the further performance of the obligation.中文文本 · Chinese text
第四十八条 受害国以外国家援引责任 1. 受害国以外的任何国家，在下列情况下有权依第二款援引另一国的责任： （a）被违反的义务对包括该国在内的一组国家承担，并且该义务是为保护该组国家的集体利益而确立；或 （b）被违反的义务对整个国际社会承担。 2. 依第一款有权援引责任的任何国家，可向责任国请求： （a）依第三十条停止国际不法行为，并作出不再发生的承诺和保证；以及 （b）为受害国或被违反义务的受益人的利益，依前述各条履行赔偿义务。 3. 第四十三条、第四十四条和第四十五条中关于受害国援引责任的要求，适用于第一款所指有权国家对责任的援引。
英文原文 · English text
Article 48 Invocation of responsibility by a State other than an injured State 1. Any State other than an injured State is entitled to invoke the responsibility of another State in accordance with paragraph 2 if: (a) the obligation breached is owed to a group of States including that State, and is established for the protection of a collective interest of the group; or (b) the obligation breached is owed to the international community as a whole. 2. Any State entitled to invoke responsibility under paragraph 1 may claim from the responsible State: (a) cessation of the internationally wrongful act, and assurances and guarantees of non-repetition in accordance with article 30; and (b) performance of the obligation of reparation in accordance with the preceding articles, in the interest of the injured State or of the beneficiaries of the obligation breached. 3. The requirements for the invocation of responsibility by an injured State under articles 43, 44 and 45 apply to an invocation of responsibility by a State entitled to do so under paragraph 1.读完本段了？
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