规范依据
NORMATIVE BASIS规范命题、原文与来源 · Rule and sources收起 · Collapse展开 · Expand
规范命题与识别入口
必须分开：取得行为是否违法、证据是否真实完整、证明力多大、适用何种证明标准，以及程序法是否要求排除。ICC Article 69(7) 采用违反与取得因果，再加可靠性重大疑问或程序完整性双重门槛；ICJ 判例没有建立同一条普遍自动排除规则。
触发事实
- 2016 Q1 展示了本规范在“泄密文件的可采性；国家监控/间谍活动”事实结构中的用法。
- 2016 Q4 展示了本规范在“网络攻击的归属、主权、不干涉与表达自由”事实结构中的用法。
- 2018 Q1 展示了本规范在“仲裁裁决的效力/再审”事实结构中的用法。
- 2018 Q4 展示了本规范在“对 Covfefe/Ibra 的攻击、武力与 IHL”事实结构中的用法。
- 2019 Q1 展示了本规范在“私营公司行为的国家责任”事实结构中的用法。
关联规范链
关联权威原文
《灭绝种族罪公约》适用案（波斯尼亚灭绝种族案）
判例原文节选
Selected passages from the judgment中文译文 · Chinese translation必须证明，就据称发生侵权行为的每一项具体行动而言，均存在此种"有效控制"的行使，或存在该国发出的相关指示，而非泛泛地就整体行动而言存在此种控制或指示……"整体控制"标准并不妥当，因为它将国家机关行为与国家承担国际责任之间必须存在的联系拉伸得过宽，几近于该联系的断裂点。
英文原文 · English[I]t must be shown that this "effective control" was exercised, or that the State's instructions were given, in respect of each operation in which the alleged violations occurred, not generally in respect of the overall actions taken ... the "overall control" test is unsuitable, for it stretches too far, almost to breaking point, the connection which must exist between the conduct of a State's organs and its international responsibility.
中文译文 · Chinese translation本院一贯认为，对一国提出的具有异常严重性质的指控，必须以完全确凿的证据加以证明。本院要求，对于诉讼程序中提出的指控，必须使本院完全确信这些指控已获清楚确证。同一标准同样适用于此类行为归责问题的证明。
英文原文 · EnglishThe Court has long recognized that claims against a State involving charges of exceptional gravity must be proved by evidence that is fully conclusive. It requires that it be fully convinced that allegations made ... have been clearly established. The same standard applies to the proof of attribution for such acts.
科孚海峡案（实体）
判例原文节选
Selected passages from the judgment中文译文 · Chinese translation每一国家均有义务不得明知而允许其领土被用于实施违反他国权利的行为。
英文原文 · Englishevery State's obligation not to allow knowingly its territory to be used for acts contrary to the rights of other States
中文译文 · Chinese translation国际法遭违反的受害国往往无法就引起责任的事实提出直接证据。
英文原文 · Englisha State which is the victim of a breach of international law is often unable to furnish direct proof of facts giving rise to responsibility
《罗马规约》第69(7)条：非法取得证据
条文原文
以违反本规约或国际公认人权的方式取得的证据，在下列情况下不得采纳：（a）该违反使证据的可靠性受到重大怀疑；或（b）采纳该证据将有悖于并严重损害诉讼程序的完整性。
Evidence obtained by means of a violation of this Statute or internationally recognized human rights shall not be admissible if: (a) The violation casts substantial doubt on the reliability of the evidence; or (b) The admission of the evidence would be antithetical to and would seriously damage the integrity of the proceedings.标记后，四段进度条与首页复习清单会同步更新。