预防、跨界损害与尽调

中文译文 · Chinese translation

为履行其在预防重大跨界环境损害方面的尽职义务，一国在从事可能对另一国环境产生不利影响的活动之前，必须查明是否存在重大跨界损害的风险；如存在此种风险，即触发进行环境影响评价的义务。

英文原文 · English

[T]o fulfil its obligation to exercise due diligence in preventing significant transboundary environmental harm, a State must, before embarking on an activity having the potential adversely to affect the environment of another State, ascertain if there is a risk of significant transboundary harm, which would trigger the requirement to carry out an environmental impact assessment.

中文译文 · Chinese translation

目前可以认为，根据一般国际法，凡拟议的工业活动可能在跨界背景下——特别是对共享资源——造成重大不利影响的，进行环境影响评价已成为一项法律要求。

英文原文 · English

It may now be considered a requirement under general international law to undertake an environmental impact assessment where there is a risk that the proposed industrial activity may have a significant adverse impact in a transboundary context, in particular, on a shared resource.

中文译文 · Chinese translation

通知义务旨在为双方成功合作创造条件，使双方能够在掌握尽可能充分信息的基础上评估该计划对河流的影响，并在必要时就消除该计划可能造成损害所需的调整进行协商。

英文原文 · English

The obligation to notify is intended to create the conditions for successful co-operation between the parties, enabling them to assess the plan's impact on the river on the basis of the fullest possible information and, if necessary, to negotiate the adjustments needed to avoid the potential damage that it might cause.

中文译文 · Chinese translation

根据国际法原则，任何国家均无权使用或允许使用本国领土，以致烟雾对他国领土，或该领土内的财产或人身造成损害；但此项规则以损害情节严重、并经明确且令人信服的证据证实者为适用条件。

英文原文 · English

[U]nder the principles of international law ... no State has the right to use or permit the use of its territory in such a manner as to cause injury by fumes in or to the territory of another or the properties or persons therein, when the case is of serious consequence and the injury is established by clear and convincing evidence.