规范依据
NORMATIVE BASIS规范命题、原文与来源 · Rule and sources收起 · Collapse展开 · Expand
规范命题与识别入口
条约应依其用语按上下文并参照条约目的及宗旨所具有的通常意义，善意解释。
A treaty shall be interpreted in good faith in accordance with the ordinary meaning to be given to the terms of the treaty in their context and in the light of its object and purpose.
通常含义、语境、目的宗旨、整体解释；第 32 条的补充资料；以及嗣后协定、嗣后实践和相关规则。
触发事实
- 2016 Q2 展示了本规范在“广播站、条约终止与外交/领事特权”事实结构中的用法。
- 2017 Q1 展示了本规范在“跨界含水层取水与单方声明”事实结构中的用法。
- 2017 Q3 展示了本规范在“文化财产返还”事实结构中的用法。
- 2018 Q1 展示了本规范在“仲裁裁决的效力/再审”事实结构中的用法。
- 2018 Q2 展示了本规范在“航行与 Egart 相关国家行为”事实结构中的用法。
文书与规则背景
《维也纳条约法公约》1969 年通过、1980 年生效，系统编纂了条约缔结、解释、适用、无效与终止规则。其第 31、32 条通常被视为反映习惯国际法，国际法院即使面对非缔约国或公约生效前条约，也经常以同样方法解释。
本单元不是要求学生孤立背诵条号，而是掌握该条在 2016、2017、2018、2019、2020、2021、2022、2023、2024、2025 年赛题中如何改变争点结构。反复出现的裁判功能是：通常含义、语境、目的宗旨、整体解释；第 32 条的补充资料；以及嗣后协定、嗣后实践和相关规则。
条文中英对照
第三十一条 解释的一般规则 1. 条约应依其用语按上下文并参照条约的目的和宗旨所具有的通常意义，善意解释。 2. 为解释条约之目的，上下文除条约正文（包括序言和附件）外，还包括： （a）全体当事国因缔结该条约而订立的与条约有关的任何协定； （b）一个或数个当事国因缔结该条约而作成、并经其他当事国接受为与条约有关的文书的任何文书。 3. 应与上下文一并考虑： （a）当事国之间后来就条约解释或其规定的适用所达成的任何协定； （b）条约适用过程中后来形成、足以确立当事国对条约解释之共同理解的任何实践； （c）适用于当事国相互关系的任何相关国际法规则。 4. 如果能够确定当事国有此意图，应赋予某一用语特别意义。
Article 31 General rule of interpretation 1. A treaty shall be interpreted in good faith in accordance with the ordinary meaning to be given to the terms of the treaty in their context and in the light of its object and purpose. 2. The context for the purpose of the interpretation of a treaty shall comprise, in addition to the text, including its preamble and annexes: (a) any agreement relating to the treaty which was made between all the parties in connection with the conclusion of the treaty; (b) any instrument which was made by one or more parties in connection with the conclusion of the treaty and accepted by the other parties as an instrument related to the treaty. 3. There shall be taken into account, together with the context: (a) any subsequent agreement between the parties regarding the interpretation of the treaty or the application of its provisions; (b) any subsequent practice in the application of the treaty which establishes the agreement of the parties regarding its interpretation; (c) any relevant rules of international law applicable in the relations between the parties. 4. A special meaning shall be given to a term if it is established that the parties so intended.第三十二条 补充解释资料 为确认适用第三十一条所得出的意义，或者在依第三十一条解释后出现下列情形时为确定其意义，可以诉诸补充解释资料，包括条约的准备工作和缔结条约时的情形： （a）意义仍然含糊或晦涩；或 （b）得出的结果明显荒谬或不合理。
Article 32 Supplementary means of interpretation Recourse may be had to supplementary means of interpretation, including the preparatory work of the treaty and the circumstances of its conclusion, in order to confirm the meaning resulting from the application of article 31, or to determine the meaning when the interpretation according to article 31: (a) leaves the meaning ambiguous or obscure; or (b) leads to a result which is manifestly absurd or unreasonable.关联权威原文
VCLT 第33(4)条：多种认证文本的协调
条文原文
除依第一款规定应以某一文本为准外，如比较各认证文本后发现意义有差异，而适用第三十一条和第三十二条仍不能消除该差异，应采用在顾及条约目的和宗旨时最能调和各文本的意义。
Except where a particular text prevails in accordance with paragraph 1, when a comparison of the authentic texts discloses a difference of meaning which the application of articles 31 and 32 does not remove, the meaning which best reconciles the texts, having regard to the object and purpose of the treaty, shall be adopted.标记后，四段进度条与首页复习清单会同步更新。