规范依据
NORMATIVE BASIS规范命题、原文与来源 · Rule and sources收起 · Collapse展开 · Expand
规范命题与识别入口
1928 年赔偿判决确立完全赔偿：尽可能消除不法行为全部后果，恢复原状为优先，不能或不足时以金钱补足。1927 年管辖判决另指出，未达成完整协议的直接谈判中所作声明、承认或方案通常不得据以约束当事方；该命题在 2022 Q1 的调解录音场景中使用，不能与赔偿 holding 混为一谈。
触发事实
- 2015 Q2 展示了本规范在“领土地位争议下停止、恢复原状与赔偿的区分”事实结构中的用法。
- 2016 Q2 展示了本规范在“广播站、条约终止与外交/领事特权”事实结构中的用法。
- 2016 Q3 展示了本规范在“反恐预防性拘禁”事实结构中的用法。
- 2017 Q4 展示了本规范在“难民接收成本与赔偿”事实结构中的用法。
- 2020 Q4 展示了本规范在“Grey 的逮捕、拘押及国家官员豁免”事实结构中的用法。
- 2022 Q1 展示了本规范在“外交材料、录音及证据可采性”事实结构中的用法。
裁判与程序背景
Factory at Chorzów (1927/1928)源于一项具体争端：第一次世界大战后，波兰接管位于上西里西亚的 Chorzów 工厂，德国主张该接管违反相关国际安排。常设国际法院先确认违约，随后处理应采取何种赔偿方式。 法院不是先写出抽象规则再寻找事实，而是在当事方相反主张、可用证据和程序请求的限制内形成了以下命题：1928 年赔偿判决确立完全赔偿：尽可能消除不法行为全部后果，恢复原状为优先，不能或不足时以金钱补足。1927 年管辖判决另指出，未达成完整协议的直接谈判中所作声明、承认或方案通常不得据以约束当事方；该命题在 2022 Q1 的调解录音场景中使用，不能与赔偿 holding 混为一谈。
裁判规则原句
中文译文 · Chinese translation赔偿必须尽可能消除违法行为的一切后果，恢复假如该行为未曾发生本应存在的状态。
英文原文 · EnglishReparation must, as far as possible, wipe out all the consequences of the illegal act and re-establish the situation which would, in all probability, have existed if that act had not been committed.
中文译文 · Chinese translation实物返还，或者在实物返还不可能时，支付相当于实物返还价值的款项；必要时，就实物返还或替代性支付所不能弥补的损失给予损害赔偿——这些即是应据以确定因违反国际法行为而应付赔偿数额的原则。
英文原文 · EnglishRestitution in kind, or, if this is not possible, payment of a sum corresponding to the value which a restitution in kind would bear; the award, if need be, of damages for loss sustained which would not be covered by restitution in kind or payment in place of it — such are the principles which should serve to determine the amount of compensation due for an act contrary to international law.
关联权威原文
ARSIWA 第31条：完全赔偿
条文原文
一、责任国有义务对国际不法行为造成的损害作出充分赔偿。二、损害包括一国国际不法行为造成的任何损害，无论是物质损害还是精神损害。
1. The responsible State is under an obligation to make full reparation for the injury caused by the internationally wrongful act. 2. Injury includes any damage, whether material or moral, caused by the internationally wrongful act of a State.ARSIWA 第34条：赔偿形式
条文原文
对国际不法行为造成的损害所作的充分赔偿，应按照本章规定，采取恢复原状、补偿和抵偿的形式，或单独采用，或合并采用。
Full reparation for the injury caused by the internationally wrongful act shall take the form of restitution, compensation and satisfaction, either singly or in combination, in accordance with the provisions of this chapter.ARSIWA 第35条：恢复原状
条文原文
应对国际不法行为负责的国家有义务恢复原状，即重新确立实施不法行为以前存在的状况，但以恢复原状符合下列条件并在此范围内为限：（a）并非实际上不可能；（b）与以补偿代替恢复原状所得的利益相比，不致造成完全不成比例的负担。
A State responsible for an internationally wrongful act is under an obligation to make restitution, that is, to re-establish the situation which existed before the wrongful act was committed, provided and to the extent that restitution: (a) is not materially impossible; (b) does not involve a burden out of all proportion to the benefit deriving from restitution instead of compensation.ARSIWA 第36条：金钱赔偿
条文原文
一、应对国际不法行为负责的国家有义务补偿该行为造成的损害，但以该损害未通过恢复原状得到赔偿为限。二、补偿应包括在确定范围内的任何可用金钱估价的损害，包括利润损失。
1. The State responsible for an internationally wrongful act is under an obligation to compensate for the damage caused thereby, insofar as such damage is not made good by restitution. 2. The compensation shall cover any financially assessable damage including loss of profits insofar as it is established.ARSIWA 第37条：满足
条文原文
第三十七条 满足 1. 应对国际不法行为负责的国家有义务就该行为造成的损害作出满足，但以该损害不能由恢复原状或补偿加以弥补为限。 2. 满足可采取承认违约、表示遗憾、正式道歉或另一适当方式。 3. 满足不得与损害不成比例，也不得采取羞辱责任国的形式。
1. The State responsible for an internationally wrongful act is under an obligation to give satisfaction for the injury caused by that act insofar as it cannot be made good by restitution or compensation. 2. Satisfaction may consist in an acknowledgement of the breach, an expression of regret, a formal apology or another appropriate modality. 3. Satisfaction shall not be out of proportion to the injury and may not take a form humiliating to the responsible State.标记后，四段进度条与首页复习清单会同步更新。