规范依据
NORMATIVE BASIS规范命题、原文与来源 · Rule and sources收起 · Collapse展开 · Expand
规范命题与识别入口
EEZ 不是沿海国完整主权领土。第 56(1) 款赋予资源主权权利及列明管辖权，第 56(2) 款要求沿海国适当顾及其他国家权利义务；第 58(1) 款保留航行、飞越、铺设电缆管道等自由，第 58(3) 款反向要求其他国家适当顾及沿海国权利义务并遵守符合公约的沿海国法律。须确认具体活动落在哪一项权利及哪一方的 due regard 义务。
触发事实
- 2016 Q1 展示了本规范在“泄密文件的可采性；国家监控/间谍活动”事实结构中的用法。
- 2025 Q3 展示了本规范在“海平面上升下的渔业许可/海域界限”事实结构中的用法。
文书与规则背景
《联合国海洋法公约》1982 年通过、1994 年生效，建立领海、专属经济区、大陆架和公海等海域制度。专属经济区不是沿海国完整主权范围：沿海国资源性权利必须与其他国家的航行、通信及适当顾及义务共同解释。
本单元不是要求学生孤立背诵条号，而是掌握该条在 2016、2025 年赛题中如何改变争点结构。反复出现的裁判功能是：EEZ 不是沿海国完整主权领土。第 56(1) 款赋予资源主权权利及列明管辖权，第 56(2) 款要求沿海国适当顾及其他国家权利义务；第 58(1) 款保留航行、飞越、铺设电缆管道等自由，第 58(3) 款反向要求其他国家适当顾及沿海国权利义务并遵守符合公约的沿海国法律。须确认具体活动落在哪一项权利及哪一方的 due regard 义务。
条文中英对照
第五十六条 沿海国在专属经济区内的权利、管辖权和义务 1. 在专属经济区内，沿海国享有： （a）以勘探、开发、养护和管理海床上覆水域、海床及其底土的生物或非生物自然资源为目的的主权权利，以及对该区进行经济性开发和勘探的其他活动的主权权利，例如利用水流、海流和风力生产能源； （b）本公约相关规定所规定的、对下列事项的管辖权： （一）建造和使用人工岛屿、设施和结构； （二）海洋科学研究； （三）保护和保全海洋环境； （c）本公约规定的其他权利和义务。 2. 沿海国在专属经济区内行使本公约规定的权利和履行义务时，应适当顾及其他国家的权利和义务，并应以符合本公约规定的方式行事。 3. 本条所载关于海床和底土的权利，应依第六部分行使。
Article 56 Rights, jurisdiction and duties of the coastal State in the exclusive economic zone 1. In the exclusive economic zone, the coastal State has: (a) sovereign rights for the purpose of exploring and exploiting, conserving and managing the natural resources, whether living or non-living, of the waters superjacent to the seabed and of the seabed and its subsoil, and with regard to other activities for the economic exploitation and exploration of the zone, such as the production of energy from the water, currents and winds; (b) jurisdiction as provided for in the relevant provisions of this Convention with regard to: (i) the establishment and use of artificial islands, installations and structures; (ii) marine scientific research; (iii) the protection and preservation of the marine environment; (c) other rights and duties provided for in this Convention. 2. In exercising its rights and performing its duties under this Convention in the exclusive economic zone, the coastal State shall have due regard to the rights and duties of other States and shall act in a manner compatible with the provisions of this Convention. 3. The rights set out in this article with respect to the seabed and subsoil shall be exercised in accordance with Part VI.第五十八条 其他国家在专属经济区内的权利和义务 1. 在专属经济区内，所有国家，不论沿海国或内陆国，在遵守本公约相关规定的条件下，均享有第八十七条所述航行和飞越自由、铺设海底电缆和管道的自由，以及与这些自由有关且符合本公约其他规定的其他国际合法海洋用途，例如与船舶、航空器以及海底电缆和管道的运营有关的用途。 2. 第八十八条至第一百一十五条以及国际法其他相关规则，只要不与本部分不相容，均适用于专属经济区。 3. 各国在专属经济区内行使本公约规定的权利和履行义务时，应适当顾及沿海国的权利和义务，并应遵守沿海国依本公约规定和国际法其他规则制定的法律和规章，但以这些法律和规章不与本部分不相容为限。
Article 58 Rights and duties of other States in the exclusive economic zone 1. In the exclusive economic zone, all States, whether coastal or land-locked, enjoy, subject to the relevant provisions of this Convention, the freedoms referred to in article 87 of navigation and overflight and of the laying of submarine cables and pipelines, and other internationally lawful uses of the sea related to these freedoms, such as those associated with the operation of ships, aircraft and submarine cables and pipelines, and compatible with the other provisions of this Convention. 2. Articles 88 to 115 and other pertinent rules of international law apply to the exclusive economic zone in so far as they are not incompatible with this Part. 3. In exercising their rights and performing their duties under this Convention in the exclusive economic zone, States shall have due regard to the rights and duties of the coastal State and shall comply with the laws and regulations adopted by the coastal State in accordance with the provisions of this Convention and other rules of international law in so far as they are not incompatible with this Part.标记后，四段进度条与首页复习清单会同步更新。