规范依据
NORMATIVE BASIS规范命题、原文与来源 · Rule and sources收起 · Collapse展开 · Expand
规范命题与识别入口
离任前国家元首的职务豁免及酷刑等国际罪行例外的争议性范围。
触发事实
- 2016 Q2 展示了本规范在“广播站、条约终止与外交/领事特权”事实结构中的用法。
- 2025 Q2 展示了本规范在“Cross 被外国起诉：普遍管辖与官员豁免”事实结构中的用法。
裁判与程序背景
Pinochet (No. 3) (1999)源于一项具体争端：西班牙请求英国引渡已经卸任的智利前总统 Pinochet，以追诉酷刑等罪行。英国法院需要判断前国家元首职务豁免是否覆盖在任期间实施的酷刑。 法院不是先写出抽象规则再寻找事实，而是在当事方相反主张、可用证据和程序请求的限制内形成了以下命题：离任前国家元首的职务豁免及酷刑等国际罪行例外的争议性范围。
裁判规则原句
中文译文 · Chinese translation倘若如指控所言，皮诺切特参议员在一九八八年十二月八日之后组织并授权实施酷刑，则其行为不属于任何可产生属事豁免（ratione materiae）的职务行为，因为此种行为违反国际法：智利已同意将此类行为定为不法，且智利已与《禁止酷刑公约》其他缔约国约定，所有签约国均应对官方酷刑行使管辖权，即使该酷刑系在智利境内实施，亦不例外。
英文原文 · EnglishIf, as alleged, Senator Pinochet organised and authorised torture after 8 December 1988, he was not acting in any capacity which gives rise to immunity ratione materiae because such actions were contrary to international law, Chile had agreed to outlaw such conduct and Chile had agreed with the other parties to the Torture Convention that all signatory states should have jurisdiction to try official torture ... even if such torture were committed in Chile.
中文译文 · Chinese translation本人赞成允许上诉，使引渡程序得以就下述指控继续进行：皮诺切特参议员在一九八八年十二月八日——即其丧失豁免之日——之后，实施了根据共谋实施酷刑而进行的酷刑行为。
英文原文 · EnglishI would allow the appeal so as to permit the extradition proceedings to proceed on the allegation that torture in pursuance of a conspiracy to commit torture ... was being committed by Senator Pinochet after 8 December 1988 when he lost his immunity.
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